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NovoLog- A rapid-acting human insulin analog:novolog.com:"NovoLog®, the new rapid-acting insulin analog from Novo Nordisk, is now available in the United States for the treatment of diabetes. NovoLog® is the first insulin analog approved for pump use. NovoLog® can be used in external pump systems suitable for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). NovoLog® has faster absorption, a faster onset and shorter duration of action than regular human insulin. This makes NovoLog® well suited for mealtime dosing to control postprandial glycemia, which is the rise in blood sugar following consumption of food" http://www.novolog.com/physician/ Physicians prefer rapid- acting insulin analogues:traders.co.uk:"Rapid-acting insulin analogues minimize postprandial "peaks" in blood glucose and lead to improved outcomes, according to a report published in the September issue of the International Journal of Clinical Practice and released on September 18 at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) congress in Jerusalem. The summary report was developed by leading diabetes specialists during a two-day conference conducted earlier this year in Montreux, Switzerland. The meeting reviewed multiple issues related to diabetes, including appropriate treatment, postprandial hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia. Of the 600 diabetes specialists from more than 45 countries who attended the conference, 62% said they would recommend therapy with rapid-acting insulin analogues or mixtures containing rapid-acting analogues to reduce postprandial blood glucose (peaks) levels. These rapid acting insulin analogues mimic the usual physiological insulin response at mealtime" http://www.traders.co.uk/insulintrust/database/id20.htm Regular Iletin-I-Hormone (Anti-diabetic):e-mds.com:"Serious Side Effects: Notify your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following: Hypoglycemic (low blood sugar) symptoms - Profuse cold sweating, chills, hunger, dizziness, drowsiness, rapid heart rate, anxiety, fainting, muscle tremors, and weakness Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) - Mental confusion, fruity breath odor, rapid breathing, excessive thirst and urination, loss of consciousness and dry and flushed skin Allergic reaction symptoms such as a red skin rash; itching; swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat; wheezing; chest pain; and difficulty breathing. Interactions: Drug - There are many medications, both over-the-counter and prescription, which will alter the action of Insulin. Some include heart medications, diuretics (water pills), steroids, blood pressure medications, thyroid supplements, estrogens, anti-tuberculosis agents, antidepressants, oral diabetic medications, antibiotics, and aspirin. It is extremely important that you consult with your doctor about dosing schedules if you take a variety of medications along with Insulin. DO NOT take any new medication without talking with your doctor first." http://www.e-mds.com/healthinfo_view/drug/i_0000000QPC Regular Iletin II Regular Purified Pork Insulin:Action/Kinetics: "Rarely administered as the sole agent due to its short duration of action. Injections of 100 units/mL are clear; cloudy, colored solutions should not be used. Regular insulin is the only preparation suitable for IV administration. Available only as 100 units/mL. Onset, SC: 30-60 min; IV: 10-30 min. Peak, SC: 2-4 hr; IV: 15-30 min. Duration, SC: 6-8 hr; IV: 30-60 min. Note: Regular beef/pork insulins are being phased out. Uses: Suitable for treatment of diabetic coma, diabetic acidosis, or other emergency situations. Especially suitable for the client suffering from labile diabetes. During acute phase of diabetic acidosis or for the client in diabetic crisis, client is monitored by serum glucose and serum ketone levels. Velosulin BR is used in external insulin infusion pumps and with U-100 insulin syringes" http://www.nursespdr.com/members/database/ndrhtml/insulininjection.html Regular Purified Pork Insulin::"Interactions: Alcohol, anabolic steroids, beta blockers, clofibrate, fenfluramine, guanthidine, MAO inhibitors, phenylbutazone, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, tetracyclines: May increase hypoglycemic effects of insulin. Contraceptives (oral), corticosteroids, dextrothyroxine, diltiazem, dobutamine, epinephrine, smoking, thiazide diuretics, thyroid hormone: May decrease hypoglycemic effects of insulin. Precautions: Pregnancy: Insulin is drug of choice for control of diabetes in pregnancy; supervise carefully. Lactation: Not excreted in breast milk. Breastfeeding may decrease insulin requirements despite increase in necessary caloric intake. Changing insulin: Changes in purity, strength, brand, type, or species source of insulin may necessitate dosage adjustment. Make changes cautiously under medical supervision. Diabetic ketoacidosis: May result from stress, illness, or insulin omission and may develop slowly after long period of poor insulin control. Condition is potentially life-threatening and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Hypoglycemia: May result from excessive insulin dose, increased work or exercise without eating, or from illness with vomiting, fever, or diarrhea. May also occur when insulin requirements decline. Insulin resistance: Requirements of > 200 units/day of insulin for > 2 days in absence of ketoacidosis or acute infection may occur, especially in obese patients, patients with acanthosis nigricans, patients with insulin receptor defects, or during infection" http://www.reutershealth.com/atoz/html/Insulin.htm Velosulin Human insulin:home.vinet.com:"Early warning symptoms of hypoglycemia may be different or less pronounced under certain conditions, such as long duration of diabetes, diabetic nerve disease, medications such as beta-blockers, change in insulin preparations, or intensified control (3 or more insulin injections per day) of diabetes.A few patients who have experienced hypoglycemic reactions after transfer from animal-source insulin to human insulin have reported that the early warning symptoms of hypoglycemia were less pronounced or different from those experienced with their previous insulin.Without recognition of early warning symptoms, you may not be able to take steps to avoid more serious hypoglycemia. Be alert for all of the various types of symptoms that may indicate hypoglycemia. Patients who experience hypoglycemia without early warning symptoms should monitor their blood glucose frequently, especially prior to activities such as driving. If the blood glucose is below your normal fasting glucose, you should consider eating or drinking sugar-containing foods to treat your hypoglycemia" http://home.vinet.com/~pharmmed/hum7030.htm Proper use of Novolin R insulin:levaquin.drugs.com:"The concentration (strength) of insulin is measured in USP Insulin Units and USP Insulin Human Units and is usually expressed in terms such as U-100 insulin. Insulin doses are measured and injected with specially marked insulin syringes. The appropriate syringe is chosen based on your insulin dose to make measuring the dose easy to read. This helps you measure your dose accurately . These syringes come in three sizes: 3/10 cubic centimeters (cc) measuring up to 30 USP Units of insulin, 1/2 cc measuring up to 50 USP Units of insulin, and 1 cc measuring up to 100 USP Units of insulin." http://levaquin.drugs.com/xq/cfm/pageID_0/htm_203298/type_cons/bn_Novolin%20R/micr_medex/qx/index.htm#SXX15 what you should know before using Humulin R:pepcid.drugs.com:"Allergies—Tell your doctor if you have ever had any reactions to insulin, especially in the skin area where you injected the insulin. Also, tell your health care professional if you are allergic to any other substances, such as foods, preservatives, or dyes. Pregnancy—The amount of insulin you need changes during and after pregnancy. It is especially important for your health and your baby's health that your blood sugar be closely controlled. Close control of your blood sugar can reduce the chance of your baby gaining too much weight, having birth defects, or having high or low blood sugar. Be sure to tell your doctor if you plan to become pregnant or if you think you are pregnant. Breast-feeding—Insulin does not pass into breast milk and will not affect the nursing infant. However, most women need less insulin while breast-feeding than they needed before. You will need to test your blood sugar often for several months in case your insulin dose needs to be changed. " http://pepcid.drugs.com/xq/cfm/pageID_0/htm_203298/type_cons/bn_Humulin%20R/micr_medex/qx/index.htm#SXX07 Pharmacodynamic effects of Humulin R:medsafe:"The primary activity of human insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In addition, insulin has several anabolic and anti-catabolic actions on many tissues in the body. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly, promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat. The typical activity profile (glucose utilisation curves) are illustrated below by the heavy line. Variations that a patient may experience in timing and/or intensity of insulin activity are illustrated by the shaded area. Individual variability will depend on factors such as size of dose, site of injection temperature and physical activity of the patient." http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/Profs/Datasheet/h/Humulininj.htm Explanation of Humalog (Lispro):diabetesnet:"Like Regular, Humalog and Novolog are used to cover meals and snacks. Most meals raise the blood sugar for only 2 to 3 hours afterwards. Once injected, Regular insulin takes 30 minutes to begin working, peaks between 2 and 4 hours and hangs on for 6 to 8 hours, long after the meal stopped raising the blood sugar. Humalog and Novolog, on the other hand, begin working in about 10 minutes, peaks at one to one and a half hours and are gone in about three and a half to four hours." http://www.diabetesnet.com/diabetes_treatments/insulin_humalog.php Humalog Acts Like the Body's Own Insulin At Mealtime:lillydiabetes:"Humalog is a mealtime insulin that offers people with diabetes convenience, control and flexibility. Its unique rapid-action mimics your body's own insulin activity after meals. Humalog is absorbed quickly and starts working within minutes to lower your blood sugar. In fact, Humalog is the #1 mealtime insulin prescribed by doctors who specialize in treating diabetes.¹" http://www.lillydiabetes.com/Products/Humalog.cfm Search Nursing Diabetics http://www.nursingdiabetics.com/A-Z_list/ ******************************************************
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